:root {
  /* === Colors === */
  /* Surface & ink */
  --color-page-bg: #fdfdfc;
  --color-ink: #15120f;
  --color-muted: #787774;
  --color-line: #f2f1ee;
  --color-border-warm: #dfdcd4;
  --color-black: #000000;
  --color-selection-highlight: #fef08a;

  /* Brand & accent */
  --color-apple-blue: #0071e3;
  --color-ieee-vr-blue: #262189;
  --color-news-venue-accent: var(--color-ieee-vr-blue);
  --color-venue-mmsys: rgb(24, 86, 105);
  --color-award-badge-text: #F2A900;
  --color-gold-dark: #92400e;

  /* Navigation */
  --color-nav-muted: #b0aea8;
  --color-nav-muted-hover: #7f7d78;

  /* Inline links */
  --color-link-decoration-muted: rgba(120, 119, 116, 0.4);
  --color-link-decoration-ink: rgba(21, 18, 15, 0.6);

  /* Resource chips */
  --color-chip-text-muted: #3c3c3c;
  --color-resource-border: #e8e4da;
  --color-resource-bg: #faf9f6;

  /* === Typography: families === */
  --font-inter: "Inter", sans-serif;
  --font-serif-sc: "Noto Serif SC", serif;

  --type-feature-serif: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "clig" 1;
  --type-feature-sans: "kern" 1, "liga" 1, "clig" 1;

  /* === Typography: scales === */
  /* Brand mark */
  --type-brand-size: 22px;
  --type-brand-line-height: 26px;

  /* Display */
  --type-display-hero-size: 48px;
  --type-display-hero-weight: 400;
  --type-display-hero-line-height: 49px;
  --type-display-hero-tracking: -1.92px;
  --type-display-secondary-size: 36px;
  --type-display-secondary-weight: 400;
  --type-display-secondary-line-height: 37px;
  --type-display-secondary-tracking: -0.96px;

  /* Subheading (large = page title) */
  --type-subheading-large-size: 40px;
  --type-subheading-large-weight: 400;
  --type-subheading-large-line-height: 60px;
  --type-subheading-large-tracking: normal;

  /* Body */
  --type-body-title-size: 16px;
  --type-body-title-weight: 600;
  --type-body-title-line-height: 18px;
  --type-body-title-tracking: -0.25px;
  --type-body-large-size: 20px;
  --type-body-large-weight: 600;
  --type-body-large-line-height: 28px;
  --type-body-large-tracking: -0.125px;
  --type-body-medium-size: 16px;
  --type-body-medium-weight: 500;
  --type-body-medium-line-height: 24px;
  --type-body-medium-tracking: 0;
  --type-body-size: 16px;
  --type-body-weight: 400;
  --type-body-line-height: 24px;
  --type-body-tracking: 0;
  --type-body-bio-size: 18px;
  --type-body-bio-weight: 400;
  --type-body-bio-line-height: 29px;
  --type-body-bio-tracking: 0;

  /* Nav / caption / micro */
  --type-nav-label-size: 15px;
  --type-nav-label-weight: 400;
  --type-nav-label-line-height: 19.95px;
  --type-nav-label-tracking: 0;
  --type-caption-size: 14px;
  --type-caption-weight: 400;
  --type-caption-line-height: 20.02px;
  --type-caption-tracking: 0;
  --type-badge-micro-size: 12px;
  --type-badge-micro-weight: 600;
  --type-badge-micro-line-height: 15.96px;
  --type-badge-micro-tracking: 0.125px;

  /* === Layout: widths & sizes === */
  --width-rail-level-1: 1050px;
  --width-rail-level-2: 950px;
  --size-chip-wide: 150px;
  --size-action-min-height: 30px;

  /* === Spacing === */
  /* Primitive scale (consumed by composite tokens below) */
  --gap-6: 6px;
  --gap-8: 8px;
  --gap-12: 12px;
  --gap-32: 32px;

  /* Section rhythm */
  --space-section-py: var(--gap-32);
  --space-section-between: 24px;
  --space-section-heading-content: 24px;
  --space-section-list-gap: 12px;

  /* Fluid gutters */
  --space-gutter-fluid: clamp(16px, 3vw, 32px);
  --space-col-gap-fluid: clamp(20px, 4vw, 56px);
  --space-col-gap-tight: clamp(14px, 2.5vw, 24px);

  /* Action chip padding */
  --space-action-block: var(--gap-6);
  --space-action-inline: var(--gap-12);

  /* Bio paragraph break */
  --space-bio-paragraph-break: 0.6em;

  /* === Radii === */
  --radius-action: 0;
  --radius-badge: 999px;

  /* === Shadows === */
  /* Resting sticker-on-paper shadow: dark warm-gray, compact blur.
     Applied to mascot stickers and bio keyword bubbles. Falls slightly right. */
  --sticker-shadow-base:
    drop-shadow(1px 2px 2px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.35))
    drop-shadow(2px 3px 4px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.08));

  /* Hover shadow: logo hover state - slightly larger, softer lift, rightward fall */
  --sticker-shadow-hover:
    drop-shadow(1px 2px 3px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.30))
    drop-shadow(2px 4px 6px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.12));

  /* Venue link hover shadow: deepest shadow when IEEE VR text is hovered */
  --sticker-shadow-venue-hover:
    drop-shadow(2px 3px 4px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.25))
    drop-shadow(3px 5px 8px rgba(36, 32, 28, 0.15));
}

body {
  background-color: var(--color-page-bg);
  min-height: 100vh;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

body > .relative {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
}

/* Keep layout width stable between pages with/without vertical overflow. */
html {
  overflow-y: auto;
  scrollbar-gutter: stable;
}

@supports not (scrollbar-gutter: stable) {
  html {
    overflow-y: scroll;
  }
}

a {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration: inherit;
}

.inline-link {
  color: inherit;
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-link-decoration-muted);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition:
    text-decoration-color 180ms ease,
    text-decoration-thickness 180ms ease,
    text-underline-offset 180ms ease;
}

.inline-link:hover,
.inline-link:focus-visible {
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-link-decoration-ink);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.inline-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-apple-blue);
  outline-offset: 2px;
  border-radius: 2px;
}

::selection {
  background-color: var(--color-selection-highlight);
  color: var(--color-ink);
}

.text-ink {
  color: var(--color-ink);
}

.text-muted {
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

.text-resource-muted {
  color: var(--color-chip-text-muted);
}

.bg-line {
  background-color: var(--color-line);
}

/* Editorial Grid Layout */
.editorial-grid-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr;
  gap: 8px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
}
@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .editorial-grid-row {
    grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    gap: 32px;
    align-items: start;
  }
}

/* Mobile: date + logo side-by-side in row 1, detail full-width in row 2. */
.editorial-education-row {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-columns: 1fr auto;
  grid-template-rows: auto auto;
  row-gap: 10px;
  column-gap: 12px;
  padding-bottom: 24px;
}

.editorial-education-row > .editorial-date-column {
  grid-column: 1;
  grid-row: 1;
}

.editorial-education-row > .editorial-detail-column {
  grid-column: 1 / -1;
  grid-row: 2;
}

.editorial-education-row > .editorial-logo-column {
  grid-column: 2;
  grid-row: 1;
  width: 80px;
  align-self: start;
}

.editorial-education-row .editorial-education-logo-mono,
.editorial-education-row .editorial-education-logo-color {
  max-width: 80px;
  height: 42px;
}

@media (min-width: 640px) {
  .editorial-education-row {
    grid-template-columns: 140px minmax(0, 1fr) auto;
    grid-template-rows: auto;
    row-gap: 0;
    column-gap: 32px;
    align-items: start;
  }
  .editorial-education-row > .editorial-date-column,
  .editorial-education-row > .editorial-detail-column,
  .editorial-education-row > .editorial-logo-column {
    grid-column: auto;
    grid-row: auto;
  }
  .editorial-education-row > .editorial-logo-column {
    width: 120px;
  }
  .editorial-education-row .editorial-education-logo-mono,
  .editorial-education-row .editorial-education-logo-color {
    max-width: 120px;
    height: 56px;
  }
}

.editorial-date-column {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-variant-numeric: oldstyle-nums;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 4px;
  padding-top: 2px;
}

.editorial-date-end {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-size: 17px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.editorial-date-end.editorial-date-present {
  font-size: 20px;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.editorial-date-start {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  font-size: 15px;
  font-style: italic;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.editorial-detail-column {
  min-width: 0;
}

.editorial-item-title {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-weight: 500;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-size: 18px;
  margin-bottom: 6px;
  line-height: 1.2;
}

.editorial-item-subtitle {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  color: var(--color-muted);
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 2px;
}

.editorial-inst-name {
  font-style: normal;
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--color-ink);
}

.editorial-inst-name strong {
  font-weight: 600;
}

.editorial-inst-sub {
  font-style: italic;
  font-size: 15px;
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

.editorial-news-content {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  line-height: var(--type-body-line-height);
}

.editorial-logo-column {
  display: grid;
  grid-template-areas: "logo";
  align-items: start;
  justify-items: end;
  padding-top: 4px;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 120px;
}

.editorial-education-logo-mono,
.editorial-education-logo-color {
  grid-area: logo;
  height: 56px;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 120px;
  object-fit: contain;
  object-position: center;
}

.editorial-education-logo-mono {
  opacity: 0.85;
  filter: grayscale(100%) brightness(80%) contrast(200%);
  transition: opacity 0.35s ease-in-out;
}

.editorial-education-logo-color {
  opacity: 0;
  transition: opacity 0.35s ease-in-out;
  pointer-events: none;
}

.editorial-education-row:hover .editorial-education-logo-mono {
  opacity: 0;
}

.editorial-education-row:hover .editorial-education-logo-color {
  opacity: 1;
}

/* Editorial Publication Item */
.editorial-publication-item {
  padding-bottom: 24px;
  margin-bottom: 24px;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-warm);
  width: 100%;
}
.editorial-publication-item:last-child {
  border-bottom: none;
  padding-bottom: 0;
  margin-bottom: 0;
}

.publication-eyebrow {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: 12px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 6px;
}

.publication-eyebrow-separator {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 0 2px;
}

.publication-eyebrow-venue {
  font-weight: 700;
}

.publication-eyebrow a {
  text-decoration: none;
  font-weight: normal;
  color: inherit;
  transition: color 0.2s ease;
}

.publication-eyebrow a:hover,
.publication-eyebrow a:focus-visible {
  font-weight: 700;
  color: var(--hover-color, var(--color-ink));
}

.publication-title-serif {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: 20px;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 8px;
}

.publication-authors-serif {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: 16px;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin-bottom: 12px;
  line-height: var(--type-body-line-height);
}

.publication-bracket-links {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-style: italic;
  display: flex;
  gap: 12px;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
}

.publication-bracket-links a {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
  color: var(--color-gold-dark);
  text-decoration: none;
  padding: 0 4px;
  /* Fix Safari text smearing during width transitions */
  transform: translateZ(0); 
}

.bracket-text {
  display: inline-flex;
  align-items: baseline;
}

.bracket-text::before {
  content: "↗ ";
  display: inline-block;
  max-width: 0;
  opacity: 0;
  white-space: pre;
  overflow: hidden;
  vertical-align: baseline;
  transition: max-width 260ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1), opacity 260ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
  will-change: max-width, opacity;
}

.publication-bracket-links a:hover .bracket-text::before,
.publication-bracket-links a:focus-visible .bracket-text::before {
  max-width: 1.2em; /* Just enough for the arrow and space */
  opacity: 1;
}

.publication-bracket-links a::after,
.publication-resource-text::after {
  content: "";
  position: absolute;
  left: 0;
  bottom: -1px;
  width: 100%;
  height: 1px;
  background: currentColor;
  opacity: 0;
  transform: scaleX(0);
  transform-origin: left center;
  will-change: transform, opacity;
  transition:
    opacity 260ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1),
    transform 260ms cubic-bezier(0.4, 0, 0.2, 1);
}

.publication-bracket-links a:hover::after,
.publication-bracket-links a:focus-visible::after,
.publication-resource-action:hover .publication-resource-text::after,
.publication-resource-action:focus-visible .publication-resource-text::after {
  opacity: 1; /* Match the arrow's opacity: 1, was 0.9 before */
  transform: scaleX(1);
}

.font-inter {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
}

.font-serifSc {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
}

.type-brand {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: var(--type-brand-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-serif);
  line-height: var(--type-brand-line-height);
}

.type-nav {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: var(--type-nav-label-line-height);
  letter-spacing: 1px;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
}

.type-title-hero {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: var(--type-display-hero-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-serif);
  font-weight: var(--type-display-hero-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-display-hero-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-display-hero-tracking);
}

.type-title-hero-sub {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: var(--type-display-secondary-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-serif);
  font-weight: var(--type-display-secondary-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-display-secondary-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-display-secondary-tracking);
}

.type-title-page {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-subheading-large-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-subheading-large-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-subheading-large-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-subheading-large-tracking);
}

.type-title-section {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: 14px;
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: 0.1em;
  text-transform: uppercase;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  margin: 0;
  /* font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans); */
}

.type-title-subsection {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: 16px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 1.4;
  letter-spacing: normal;
  text-transform: none;
  color: var(--color-muted);
  margin: 0;
  font-feature-settings: "tnum" on, var(--type-feature-sans);
}

.type-title-body {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-body-title-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-title-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-body-title-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-title-tracking);
}

.type-title-minor {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-body-medium-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-medium-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-body-medium-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-medium-tracking);
}

.type-body-lead {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-body-large-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-large-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-body-large-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-large-tracking);
}

.type-body-large {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-size: var(--type-body-large-size);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-large-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-body-large-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-large-tracking);
}

.type-body {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-size: var(--type-body-size);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-body-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-tracking);
}

.type-body-bio {
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: var(--type-body-bio-size);
  font-weight: var(--type-body-bio-weight);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-serif);
  line-height: var(--type-body-bio-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-body-bio-tracking);
}

.bio-paragraph {
  display: block;
}

.bio-paragraph--spaced {
  display: block;
  margin-top: var(--space-bio-paragraph-break);
}

/* === RESEARCH INTERESTS BANNER ===============================================
   Designed to mirror the rest of the site's section-heading vocabulary:
   - The label uses the existing `.type-title-section` token (same uppercase
     14px Inter at 0.1em tracking used by every other section title).
   - A single hairline `border-bottom` under the label echoes the
     `.section-heading-row` rule used elsewhere, so the banner reads as
     a miniature, embedded section rather than a foreign component.
   - Phrases sit in italic Noto Serif SC at the bio size to differentiate
     from the upright bio prose while keeping the family/scale cohesive.
   - Asymmetric per-item left/right margins keep the editorial uneven
     rhythm shown in the reference image. */
.bio-stack {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  gap: 28px;
}


/* Pre-baked sticker images stage */
.bio-keywords-stage {
  display: flex;
  flex-wrap: wrap;
  justify-content: center;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 10px 20px;
}

.bio-keyword-img {
  height: 26px;
  width: auto;
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-base);
}

.type-body-sm {
  /* Preview helper alias for Caption; not a separate semantic tier. */
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: var(--type-caption-size);
  font-weight: var(--type-caption-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-caption-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-caption-tracking);
}

.type-label {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-badge-micro-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-badge-micro-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-badge-micro-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-badge-micro-tracking);
}

.type-caption {
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-caption-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-caption-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-caption-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-caption-tracking);
  color: var(--color-muted);
}

.section-rail-l1,
.section-rail-l2 {
  width: 100%;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
}

.section-rail-l1 {
  max-width: var(--width-rail-level-1);
}

.section-rail-l2 {
  max-width: var(--width-rail-level-2);
}

.section-heading-row {
  display: block;
  width: 100%;
  border-bottom: 1px solid var(--color-border-warm);
  padding-bottom: 10px;
  margin-bottom: 28px;
}

.site-header {
  position: sticky;
  top: 0;
  z-index: 40;
  background: var(--color-page-bg);
}

.site-header-inner {
  min-width: 0;
  height: 40px;
  padding-top: 0;
  padding-bottom: 0;
}

.site-header-brand {
  flex: 0 0 auto;
}

.site-header-nav {
  display: flex;
  min-width: 0;
  flex: 1 1 auto;
  flex-wrap: nowrap;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  gap: clamp(4px, 1vw, 10px);
}

.site-header-link {
  display: inline-flex;
  min-width: 0;
  height: 30px;
  flex: 0 1 auto;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  border-radius: var(--radius-badge);
  padding: 0 10px;
  color: var(--color-nav-muted);
  line-height: 1;
  text-decoration: none;
  cursor: pointer;
  transition: color 160ms ease;
  position: relative;
}

.site-header-link:hover {
  color: var(--color-nav-muted-hover);
}

.site-header-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-apple-blue);
  outline-offset: 2px;
  color: var(--color-nav-muted-hover);
}

.site-header-link[aria-current="page"],
.site-header-link[aria-current="location"] {
  color: var(--color-ink);
}

.publication-title {
  width: 100%;
  max-width: 100%;
  margin: 0;
  line-height: 1.3;
  color: var(--color-black);
  overflow-wrap: anywhere;
}

button.publication-resource-action {
  -webkit-appearance: none;
  appearance: none;
  font: inherit;
}

.publication-resource-action {
  box-sizing: border-box;
  display: inline-flex;
  min-height: var(--size-action-min-height);
  width: min(100%, var(--size-chip-wide));
  max-width: var(--size-chip-wide);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: var(--gap-8);
  border: 1px solid var(--color-resource-border);
  border-radius: var(--radius-action);
  background: var(--color-resource-bg);
  padding: var(--space-action-block) var(--space-action-inline);
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  font-size: var(--type-nav-label-size);
  font-feature-settings: var(--type-feature-sans);
  font-weight: var(--type-nav-label-weight);
  line-height: var(--type-nav-label-line-height);
  letter-spacing: var(--type-nav-label-tracking);
  color: var(--color-chip-text-muted);
  cursor: pointer;
  white-space: nowrap;
  text-decoration: none;
  text-transform: none;
  transition:
    border-color 160ms ease,
    background-color 160ms ease,
    color 160ms ease,
    box-shadow 160ms ease;
}

.publication-resource-action:hover {
  border-color: #e4e0d5;
  background: #f8f6f1;
  color: #32312f;
  box-shadow: none;
}

.publication-resource-action:active {
  background: #f3f1ea;
  box-shadow: none;
}

/* === NEWS MASCOT STICKER === */

.news-mascot-column {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 80px;
  align-self: center;
}

.news-mascot-sticker {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  image-rendering: auto;
  image-rendering: smooth;
  -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  /* Sticker border pre-baked into the PNG. Shadow via CSS token. */
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-base);
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-4deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  transition:
    transform 260ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
    filter 300ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) 20ms;
  will-change: transform, filter;
}

.news-mascot-sticker:hover {
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-6deg) scale(1.08);
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-hover);
}

/* Tier 2: venue link hover → sticker floats higher with a deeper shadow */
.news-venue-link:hover ~ .news-mascot-column .news-mascot-sticker,
.editorial-grid-row:has(.news-venue-link:hover) .news-mascot-sticker {
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-6deg) scale(1.1) translateY(-5px);
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-venue-hover);
}

/* Reduced-motion: skip animation, keep the sticker visible in color */
@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .news-mascot-sticker {
    transition: none !important;
    transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-4deg) !important;
  }
}

/* === SERVICE MASCOT STICKER ===============================================
   Mirrors news-mascot-sticker behavior. Sticker silhouette and shadow
   pre-baked into PNG; CSS adds hover interactions. */
.service-mascot-column {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: flex-end;
  flex-shrink: 0;
  width: 100px;
}

.service-mascot-sticker {
  display: block;
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  object-fit: contain;
  image-rendering: auto;
  image-rendering: smooth;
  -ms-interpolation-mode: bicubic;
  backface-visibility: hidden;
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-base);
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-4deg);
  transform-origin: center;
  transition:
    transform 260ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1),
    filter 300ms cubic-bezier(0.16, 1, 0.3, 1) 20ms;
  will-change: transform, filter;
}

.service-mascot-sticker:hover {
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-6deg) scale(1.08);
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-hover);
}

/* Tier 3: venue link in content area hover → sticker floats higher */
.editorial-grid-row:has(.editorial-inst-name a:hover) .service-mascot-sticker,
.editorial-grid-row:has(.editorial-item-title a:hover) .service-mascot-sticker {
  transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-6deg) scale(1.1) translateY(-5px);
  filter: var(--sticker-shadow-venue-hover);
}

#services .editorial-inst-name a:hover,
#services .editorial-inst-name a:focus-visible {
  color: var(--color-venue-mmsys);
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-venue-mmsys);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .service-mascot-sticker {
    transition: none !important;
    transform: translateZ(0) rotate(-4deg) !important;
  }
}


.publication-resource-action:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-apple-blue);
  outline-offset: 2px;
}

.publication-resource-icon {
  display: block;
  height: 13px;
  width: auto;
  opacity: 0.82;
}

.publication-resource-icon.is-youtube {
  height: 15px;
  width: auto;
  opacity: 0.9;
}

.publication-resource-text {
  position: relative;
  display: inline-block;
  min-width: 0;
  text-align: center;
}

.section-gap {
  gap: var(--space-section-between);
}

.section-py {
  padding-top: var(--space-section-py);
  padding-bottom: var(--space-section-py);
}

.section-stack {
  gap: var(--space-section-heading-content);
}

.section-list {
  gap: var(--space-section-list-gap);
}

.contact-row {
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 0.8rem;
}

.contact-link {
  color: var(--color-chip-text-muted);
  text-decoration-line: underline;
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-link-decoration-muted);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1px;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition:
    color 180ms ease,
    text-decoration-color 180ms ease,
    text-decoration-thickness 180ms ease,
    text-underline-offset 180ms ease;
}

.contact-link:hover,
.contact-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--color-chip-text-muted);
  text-decoration-color: var(--color-link-decoration-ink);
  text-decoration-thickness: 1.5px;
  text-underline-offset: 4px;
}

.contact-link:focus-visible {
  outline: 2px solid var(--color-apple-blue);
  outline-offset: 2px;
  border-radius: 4px;
}

.page-gutter {
  padding-left: var(--space-gutter-fluid);
  padding-right: var(--space-gutter-fluid);
}

.content-gap {
  gap: var(--space-col-gap-fluid);
}

.content-gap-tight {
  gap: var(--space-col-gap-tight);
}

.about-layout {
  align-items: center;
}

.about-block-right {
  justify-content: center;
}

/* Base styles for list layout containers */
#news-list,
#education-list,
#teaching-list,
#services-list,
#publications-list {
  width: min(100%, var(--width-rail-level-2));
  max-width: none;
  margin-left: auto;
  margin-right: auto;
  list-style: none;
  padding: 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}

.editorial-news-content {
  margin: 0;
  min-width: 0;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.editorial-news-content strong {
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.editorial-news-content .news-venue-token {
  color: inherit;
  font-weight: 600;
}

.editorial-news-content .news-award-token {
  color: var(--color-award-badge-text);
  font-weight: 700;
}

.editorial-news-content .news-venue-link {
  --news-venue-hover-color: var(--color-news-venue-accent);
}

.editorial-news-content .news-venue-link:hover,
.editorial-news-content .news-venue-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--news-venue-hover-color);
  text-decoration-color: var(--news-venue-hover-color);
}

@media (min-width: 768px) {
  .section-gap {
    gap: calc(var(--space-section-between) + 4px);
  }

  .about-layout {
    align-items: center;
  }

  .about-block-right {
    align-self: center;
    justify-content: center;
  }
}

.site-footer {
  width: 100%;
  margin-top: auto;
  border-top: 1px solid var(--color-line);
  background: var(--color-page-bg);
}

.site-footer-inner {
  margin: 0 auto;
  display: flex;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--width-rail-level-1);
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  gap: 10px;
  padding: 12px var(--space-gutter-fluid);
  text-align: center;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.site-footer-note {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: 13px;
  font-weight: 400;
  line-height: 14px;
  letter-spacing: 0;
  color: #7a7975;
}

/* 404 page: homepage-aligned editorial hero with subtle surface treatment. */
.error404-main {
  flex: 1 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
}

.error404-shell {
  margin: 0 auto;
  width: 100%;
  max-width: var(--width-rail-level-1);
  padding-top: clamp(52px, 10vh, 108px);
  padding-bottom: clamp(72px, 14vh, 148px);
  display: flex;
  justify-content: center;
}

.error404-container {
  width: min(100%, 760px);
  padding: clamp(30px, 6vw, 56px) 0;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  align-items: center;
  text-align: center;
}

.error404-kicker {
  margin: 0;
  font-family: var(--font-inter);
  text-transform: uppercase;
  letter-spacing: 0.08em;
}

/* === HALFTONE COLOPHON ===
   Printed-on-paper halftone mark at page end.
   No shadows, no rotation — flat ink-on-paper via multiply blend. */
.halftone-colophon {
  width: 80px;
  height: 80px;
  object-fit: contain;
  display: block;
  image-rendering: auto;
  opacity: 0;
  mix-blend-mode: multiply;
  filter: none;
  transform: translateY(16px);
  transition: opacity 700ms ease, transform 700ms ease;
}

.halftone-colophon.is-visible {
  opacity: 0.72;
  transform: translateY(0);
}

@media (prefers-reduced-motion: reduce) {
  .halftone-colophon {
    transition: none !important;
    opacity: 0.72;
    transform: none;
  }
}

.error404-display {
  margin: 0;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-size: clamp(5rem, 18vw, 10.5rem);
  font-weight: 500;
  line-height: 0.86;
  letter-spacing: -0.035em;
  padding: 12px 0;
}

.error404-title {
  margin: 10px 0 0;
  max-width: 22ch;
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-weight: 500;
  text-wrap: balance;
}

.error404-copy {
  margin: 14px 0 0;
  max-width: 56ch;
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  text-wrap: pretty;
}

.error404-actions {
  margin-top: 36px;
  display: flex;
  align-items: center;
  gap: 16px;
  justify-content: center;
  font-family: var(--font-serif-sc);
  font-style: italic;
}

.error404-link {
  color: var(--color-muted);
  text-decoration: underline;
  text-underline-offset: 3px;
  transition: color 0.2s ease, font-weight 0.2s ease;
}

.error404-link:hover,
.error404-link:focus-visible {
  color: var(--color-ink);
  font-weight: 600;
}

@media (max-width: 640px) {
  .error404-shell {
    padding-top: clamp(36px, 8vh, 64px);
    padding-bottom: clamp(56px, 12vh, 96px);
  }

  .error404-container {
    padding: 30px 18px;
  }

  .error404-actions {
    flex-direction: row;
    align-items: center;
  }
}

@media (max-width: 520px) {
  .site-header-link {
    height: 28px;
    padding: 0 8px;
  }
}